Drug's Info

UROXIN

2007-12-08T06:45:00.000-08:00

Uroxin
Tablets Antibacterial Agent.

Composition :
Each Tablet contains : Norfloxacin 400 Mg.

Properties :
Uroxin contains Norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent having broad-spectrum anti-infective properties againts a wide range of aerobic gram positive and gram negative organism. It acts intracellularly by inhibiting DNA gyrase, an essential enzyme that is a critical catalyst in the duplication, transcription and repair of bacterial DNA.

Indication :
Uroxin is indicated in the treatment of the following infection caused by susceptible microorganisms :
a. Uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infectionsincluding Cystitis, pyelitis, Cystopyelitis and pyelonephritis.
b. Sexually transmitted disease such as uncomplicated urethral and endocervical gonorrhea.
c. Bacterial Gastroenteritis
d. Bacterial prostatitis

Dosage :
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections : one tablet twice daily for 7 to 10 days; for complicated urinary tract infections one tablet twice daily for 10-21 days.

Acute bacterial prostatitis : one tablet twice daily for at least 10 days. four to six weeks therapy are required for chronic prostatitis.

Uncomplicated urethral or endocervical gonorhea: Two tablets as a single dose.

Gastroenteritis : one tablet twice daily for 3-5 days.
Tablets should be taken with a full glass of water on an empty stomach (one hour before or two hours after meals).
In patients with renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ML/min) half of the above recommended doses is usually sufficient.

Contraindications :
Norfloxacin in contraindicated in patients having a history of hypersensitivity to the fluroquinolones.
Like other fluoroquinolone derivates, norfloxacin should not be given to pregnant women, nursing mothers or prepubertal children.

Precautions :
Caution is recommended when norfloxacin is given to patients having history of seizures, and to those with renal function impairment. Becouse of the risk of crystalluria, patients receiving norfloxacin sholud maintain an adequate fluid intake.

Drug Interactions :
Concurrent use of norfloxacin with antacid may reduce its absorption resulting in lower serum and urine concentrations. Dosages of such medicaments must be separated by 2 hour intervals.
Since norfloxacin may elevate serum cyclosporine levels, dosage adjustment may be required when both drugs are administered. The anticoagulant effect of warfarin may be increased when norfloxacin is given concomitantly; patient monitoring may be necessary.

Side Effects :
As with other fluoroquinolones, some minor side effects may be encountered by patients receiving norfloxacin such as dizziness, headache, nervousness, drowsiness, and insomnia. Mild gastrointestinal disturbances have also been reported including abdominal or stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting.
High doses may lead to the development of crystalluria, especially when fluid intake is not sufficient and when the PH of the urine is alkaline.

Presentation :
Uroxin tablets : Pack of 14 Tablets.

References :
Patient Information Leaflet.

Epanutin Suspension

2007-03-07T10:46:00.000-08:00

What is in the pack?
The name of your medicine is Epanutin Suspension. Epanutin Suspension is a cherry red liquid. Each 5 ml spoonful contains 30 mg of the active ingredient phenytoin.

The medicine also contains the inactive ingredients : alumunium magnesiun silicate, sodium benzoate, citric acid monohydrate, sodium carboxymethylcellose, glyserol, polysorbate 40, sugar mineral water, ethanol and water. Epanutin Suspension is available in bottles containing 125 ml.

What is Epanutin Suspension ?

Epanutine Suspension belong to the group of medicines called anti-epileptic drugs; these medicines are used to treat epilepsy.

What is Epanutin Suspension used for ?

Epanutin suspension can be used to control your epilepsy. Epanutin Suspension can also be used to control or prevent seizures during or after brain surgery or severe head injury. It can also be used to treat trigeminal neuralgia. You should consult your doctor if you are unsure why you have been given Epanutin Suspension to take.

Can you take Epanutin Suspension with other medicines?

Epanutin suspension may interact with other medicines used treat :
a. Epilepsy
b. Gungal infection
c. TBC
d.Pain and Inflamation
e. Stomach Ulcer
f. Sleeplessness
g. Cancer
h. Heart and circulation problem
i. Diabetes

How to take Epanutin Susupension ?
a. Adult
The amount of Epanutin Susupension needed varies from one person to another. Most adult need between 200 mg and 500 mg a day.

b. Children
Infant and children usually start on a dose that depends on their weight (5 mg per day for every Kg the weight) and is given twice a day. The dose is then adjusted up to maximum of 300 mg a day.

Side Effect
a. Skin rash or itchiness
b. Hypersensitivity reaction or syndrome, fever, skin rash
c. Nausea, vomiting, constipation
d. Inflamation of the Kidney
e. Etc.

How to Store Epanutin susupension?
a. Do not use medicine after the last day of the month shown in the expiry date.
b. Remember, as with all medicines, keep Epanutin Suspension well away from children
c. Keep Epanutin Susupension below 25C in the packaging it comes in.

Refernces :
Patient Information Leaflet.

Losec 40 mg

2007-02-05T11:25:00.000-08:00

1. Composition
one vial of dry substance contains : omeprazole sodium equivalent to omeprazole 40 mg.

2. Indication
Duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and reflux oesophagitis, zollinger-ellison syndrome.

3. Administration
- Duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and reflux oesophagitis :
Patients who cannot be given oral medication can be treatted parenteraly with 40 mg once daily. The usual treatment period before transfer to oral treatment is 2-3 days.

- In Zollinger- Ellison Syndrome the dose should be adjusted individually.

Intravenous treatment can be given as an infusion over a period of 2-30 minutes. After reconstitution start the infusion immediately.

Impaired Renal Fungtion
A dose adjustment is not necessary for patients with impaired renal fuction.

Impaired Liver Function
In patients with impaired liver function clearance is greatly reduced.

Elderly patients
A dose adjustment is not necessary in elderly patients.

Children
There is only limited experience of Treatment in children.

4. Contraindications
known hypersensitivity to omeprazole.

5. Special warnings and special precautions for use
Suspected ulcer disease must be verified objectively at an early stage by means of X-ray or endoscopy in order to avoid in adequate treatment.

When gastric ulcer is present or suspected or in the presence of any of the following alarm symptoms : significant unintentional weight loss, reccurent vomiting, dysphagia, haematemesis or melena, malignancy should be excluded as treatment may alleviate symptoms and delay diagnosis.

6. Interactions
Effect of omeprezole on the pharmakcokinetics of other drugs :
The following combination with losec powder for solution for infusion should be avoided : ketoconazole and intraconazole. Omeprazole might influence the absorption of other drugs due to its effect on the gastric PH.

Omeprazole inhibits the enzyme CYP2C19 and therefore increased plasma level of other drugs (diazepam, warfarin, Phenytoin). During concomitant administration of clarithromycin or erythromycin and omeprazole the plasma concretration will be increased.

7. Pregnancy and lactation
Pregnacy : well conducted epidemiological studies indicate no adverse effects of omeprazole on pregnancy or no the helath of the foetus/newborn child. Omeprazole can be used during pregnancy.

Lactation : Omeprazole is excreted in breast milk. Influence, if any on the child is unknown.

8. Effect on ability to drive and use machines.
Losec is not likely to affect the ability to drive or use machines.

9. Overdose
intravenoue doses up to 270 mg in day and up to 650 mg over a three day period have been studied in clinical trials without any dose related adverse reactions.
Symptoms : Dizziness, apathy, headache, Tachycardi, neusea, vomiting, flatulence, diarrhoea. see also undesirable effects.

Reference :
Kuwait Drug index, 2006.

Human Albumin 20 % Biotest FH

2007-01-28T04:28:00.000-08:00

1. Composition
1000 ml solution contain :
- active ingredients :
Human Plasma Protein 200 g
of which albumin at least 96 %
- Exipients :
Caprylate : 2.31 g (16mmol)
N-Acetyl-DL-tryptophanate : 3.94 g (16 mmol)
Sodium 2.80 (122 mmol)
Chloride 3.90 g (110 mmol)
water for injection 1000 ml

2. Presentation
Solution for intravenous infusion
Vial with 50 ml
Vial with 100 ml

3. Indication
Restoration and maintenance of circulating blood volume where volume deficiency has been demonstrated and use of colloid is appropiate. The choice of albumin rather than artificial colloid will depend on the clinical situation of the individual patient, based on official recommendations.

4. Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to albumin preparation or to any the excipients.

5. Special warning and special precaution for use
If allergic or anaphylactic type reactions occur, the infusion should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment instituted, in case of shock the current medical standarts for shock-treatment should be observed.

Albumin should be used with coution in conditions where hypervolaemia and its concequences or haemodelution could represent a special risk for the patient.

Examples of such condition are :
- Decompensated cardiac insufficeincy
- Hypertension
- Oesophageal varices
- Pulmonary oedema
- Haemorragic diathesis
- Severe anemia
- Renal and post renal anuria

6. Effects on Ability to drive and use machines
There are no indications that human albumin may impai the abilities to drive or to operate machines.

7. Interaction with other medicine
No specific interactions of human albumin with other products are known.

8. Dosage
The dose required depends on the size of the patient, the severity of trauma or illness and on continuing fluid or protein losses.

If the human albumin is to be administered, haemodynamic performance should be monitored regularly; this may include :
- arterial blood pressure and pulse rate
- central venous pressure
- pulmonary artery wedge pressure
- Urine output
- Electrolyte
- haemaotcrit/HB.

9. Mode of Administration
Human albumin can be directly administered by the intravenous route or it can also be diluted in an isotonic solution. The infusion rate should be adjusted according to the individual circumstance and the indication.

10. Overdose
Hypervolaemia may occur if the dosage and rate of infusions are too hight. At the first clinical sign of cardiovascular overload (headache, dyspnoea).The infusions sholud be stopped immediately.

Reference :

Patient Information Leaflet, Biotest Pahrma, Germany.

Atropine Sulphate Injection

2007-01-27T21:24:00.000-08:00

1. Uses
To stop the slowing of the heart as a result of an inadequate blood supply to the heart (heart attack) or the effect of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs (beta blockers). Atropine is also used to reduce secretions from the lung during general anaesthesia.

2. Warnings
Tell your doctor if you have prostate trouble (often shown by difficulty passing water, especially in elderly men), glaucoma (increased pressure in the eye) or paralytic ileus before an injection of atropine sulphate is given.

You should tell your doctor if you have a fever, duodenal ulcer, reflux with heartburn, ulcerative colitis or any heart disorder as extra care will be needed when atropine sulphate is isued.

Tell your doctor if you have pregnant or breast feeding before being atropine sulphate injection.

Atropine sulphate may enhance the side effects of drugs that have similiar action. Always tell your doctor of any medication you are on, particullary if you have taken antihistamines, cough or cold remedies, tranquilliser, antidepressants, metoclopramide, or amantidine. If you unsure consult your dovtor.

Atropine sulphatemay effect your vision and couse drowsiness. If you feel drowsy or your vision is blurred you should not drive or operate machinery.

Your doctor will administer atropine sulphate injection either into a muscle (intramuscular-IM), into a vien (intravenous-IV) or under the surface of the skin (subcutaneous-SC).

3. Dose
a. Adult (including the elderly)
As treatment for the slowing of the heart, IV or SC 100 micrograms in stepwise doses.
As premedication 300-600 micrograms IV immediately before the anaesthetic or 300-600 micrograms IM or SC 30 minutes before anaesthetic.

b. Children
As a premedication (given 30 minutes before the anaesthetic).
Premature infants : Up to 60 micrograms by the SC route.
Full term Infants : Up to 100 micrograms by the SC route.
Infants 6-12 month : Up to 200 micrograms by the SC route.
Older Children : Up to 20 micrograms per Kg of body wieght by the IM route.

The symptoms of possible overdose include excitement, delirium, enlarged pupils, rapid pulse, hot flushes, reddened skin, a dry mouth and thirst. If you experience any of these let your doctor know immediately so that he can assess the situation and take suitable action.

References :
Patient Information Leaflets by Martindale Pharmaceuticale.